Water Absorption and its Effects on The Mechanical Properties of Red Balau Saw Dust/LDPE Composites

Abstract

Due to the hygroscopic nature of wood, its use in wood thermoplastic composites (WTC) in outdoor industrial and domestic applications is limited. Wood is usually modified to reduce this tendency. Red balau saw dust was modified by heat treatment at 180°C and 200°C for 1 hour, compounded with LDPE into 20% and 40% weight fractions and molded into test specimens by injection molding. Samples were immersed in distilled water at room temperature for four months. Pure LDPE did not absorb water as no weight gain was recorded throughout the experimental period. Heat treated wood composites shows remarkable water resistance than untreated ones. Reduced water absorption of treated wood relative to untreated ones indicates a degree of modification by heat treatment. Tensile and flexural tests results revealed that untreated wood composites have poorer mechanical properties with water immersion as a result of degradation due to moisture. The mechanical properties of the heat treated wood composites were not adversely affected with water absorption. Therefore, heat treatment is capable of reducing the proneness to water absorption in WTC, alleviate the detrimental effects on mechanical properties and provides a good way of improving the WTC properties in applications that poses moisture related challenges.