Phytochemical and antibacterial studies of Ensete giletii leaf extract and fractions.

Abstract

Ensete gilletii (family musaceae) is ethnomedicinally used for the treatment of diarrhea, dysentrieae, stomach ache, digestive disorder, cholera, fever, urinary infection and gonorrhea. The quantitative determination of the phytochemicals constituents revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, Saponins and tannins with the values (3.970, 3.900, 12.712, 0.419 and 18.857 mg/cm3, respectively). The preliminary phytochemical screening of the Leaf extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phlobatannins, reducing sugar, tannins and terpenoidal compounds. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) sprayed with chromogenic reagents (FeCl3) also revealed the presence of phenolic compounds. Antibacterial susceptibility test of crude ethanol extract of the leaf of Ensete gelletii against Gram-positive (B. subtilis, S. aureus, S.Pyogenes) and Gram-negative (E.coli, K.pneumonaie, S.Typh and S.dysentriea) at (40, 80, 120 and 160 mg/cm3) test bacteria isolates revealed a broad spectrum of activity in dose dependent manner. The zone of inhibition ranged from (16 to 29 mm) in the leaf (16 to 31 mm) which is significantly different from standard antibiotics (Ampiclox) at (40 mg/cm3). S.pyogenes and S.dysentriea were resistant against the leaf extract. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the fractions were also observed to be lower when compared with the leaf crude ectract. The MIC ranged (25 to 100 mg/cm3) while the MBC ranged from (50 to 100 mg/cm3) in all the susceptible organisms. The broad spectrum activity displayed than the standard antibiotic drugs (Ampiclox) suggests that the leaf part of the plant could be used as pharmaceutically important agents in drug formulation in the treatment of numerous diseases.