ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FUELS USED IN AUTOMOBILES TOWARDS ZERO CARBON EMISSION

Abstract

The problems currently confronting the world are the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Energy consumption in the world is rapidly increasing faster than its generation, thus, leading to environmental pollution. Vehicle pollution has been a serious concern for the past few decades all over the world because, combustion products of petroleum fuels, such as carbon dioxide, are a major contributor to greenhouse gases resulting to global climate change. The transportation sector completely depends upon petroleum products, such as the Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) and diesel and the demand for these products accelerates the crude oil production peaks as well as its cost. It is estimated that the existing petroleum oil and natural gas reserves will be sufficient for only another few decades due to the facts that the usage of the automobiles are growing at a faster rate than the petroleum products reserved. In view of this, the paper reviews the fuel alternatives available to plan for the future taking up by automobiles manufacturers and consumers and the longer term vision for where the automotive industry is likely to be going to deliver sustainable automobiles with zero carbon emission to include the Electric/fuel cell/hybrid vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell