Protective roles of crude and fractions of A. senegalensise carpel against alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in rats

Abstract

Medicinal plants are increasingly been investigated for potentials to provides active, safe and cost-effective alternative to synthetic antidiabetics. In the present study, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of crude methanol, hexane and ethylacetate fractions of Annona senegalensis (A. senegalensis) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. The extract and fractions of A. senegalensis were administered to alloxan (120 mg/kg bw) induced diabetic rats at doses of 100, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg bw) was used as the reference drug. All treatments were administered daily for 14 days through oral route with the aid of esophageal cannula. Effect of the treatments on blood glucose levels, body weight, packed cell volume (PCV) and lipid profiles were monitored. The crude extract had significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage glucose reduction range of 71.61 ± 2.34% and 75.59 ± 1.09% when compared with the metformin (69.15 ± 2.90%). Ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions had reduction range of 60.17 ± 3.56 to 67.74 ± 2.67, and 55.63 ± 1.09% to 68.05 ± 2.98% respectively. The crude extract and fractions of A. senegalensis significantly (p < 0.05) decreases the serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and increase high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol when compared with diabetic untreated rats. The serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in rats treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg n-hexane and those treated with ethylacetate fractions were comparable (p > 0.05) with the normal control rats but significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those treated with 600 mg/kg bw of the fractions and crude extract (100, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw). A. senegalensis carpel contains significant amount of phytochemicals with hypoglycemic reputation. The crude extract, ethylacetate and hexane fractions exhibited dosedependent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.