Fabrication, characterisation and durability performance of kenaf fibre reinforced epoxy, vinyl and polyester-based polymer composites

Abstract

In this study, Kenaf fibre–reinforced polymer (KFRP) composites containing 10%, 30% and 40% of fibre volume fractions were produced to examine the effects of ageing on the polymer composites. The samples were exposed to a laboratory environment (the control sample), outdoor environment, along with immersion in water and acid (5 wt.%, H2SO4) for 12- and 24-month exposure periods. The control samples were stored under normal and darkroom conditions followed by the comprehensive characterisation of the physical properties and mechanical performance attributes of the composites. The results revealed significant surface degradation, while fungal growth, surface roughness and discolouration were observed on sample surfaces exposed to outdoor conditions after 12 and 24 months. The unexposed samples displayed higher tensile and compressive properties compared to the exposed samples. The higher fibre volume fractions resulted in higher mechanical properties and weathering degradation. The tensile strength of the Kenaf/epoxy composite with a fibre volume content of 40% was 31%, which is 133% higher than the 10% and 30% fractions. Kenaf/vinyl ester composites displayed the highest mechanical properties followed by the Kenaf/polyester and Kenaf/epoxy composites after 12- and 24-month ageing. Therefore, the KFRP composites are suited for lumber-based floor finishing, wall panels, ceiling finishing, doors and windows panels.