Nanofluids and their application in carbon fibre reinforced plastics: A review of properties, preparation, and usage

Abstract

The renewed call for the replacement of conventional materials with carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) in many high-performance applications is responsible for the current wave of research on minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) strategy in machining. Due to their competitive advantages over conventional materials, polymer matrix composites (PMCs) materials have become advanced and therefore deserve more attention, especially in the field of machining. Although most manufacturing methods require less machining, precision machining like milling and drilling call for more research inputs. For this purpose, this review article assesses various aspects of nanofluid preparation and its application in CFRPs. Recent peer-reviewed literature on nanofluids with a focus on properties, preparation, and application (including respective methodologies) is analyzed to contribute to the growing database in this field for future research. This review article also shows that cutting temperature and cutting force remain the key determinants of surface finish while tool wear constitutes a major parameter that machining scientists would like to keep under full control by the use of appropriate cutting fluid. The question of the quality of nanofluids which is scarcely discussed in the literature is also raised while advocating for more works to unravel it. Furthermore, this review article sheds more light on the machining operations of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics using nanoparticle-laden fluids for a safe and sustainable machining experience. Finally, this review assesses the possibility of achieving excellent CFRP processing by using a sustainable approach to filling the gaps that exist in form of wasted cutting liquids, environmental pollution, and exposure of operators to health hazards.