Impact of impervious Surface Area on Land Surface Temperature in Minna, Niger State Nigeria

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in Minna due to population increase has led to the conversion of natural vegetal cover into impervious surface area (ISA). The study aimed at the impact of impervious surface Area on Land Surface Temperature (LST), analyses the relationship between Impervious Surface Area (ISA), Vegetation and Land Surface Temperature in Minna with the objective of Deriving Land Surface Temperature (LST) of Minna. Landsat images of 2006, 2011 and 2016 were used to create the Normalizes Different Built-up index (NDBI) for imperious Surfaces and NDVI for Vegetation. Erdas 2014 and Arc Map 10.2 were used to extract the values which served as the range for the indices, i.e NDBI and NDVI. The extracted temperature data of thermal band of Landsat 7ETM+ for 2006, 2011 and 2016 were used to assess the relationship between NDBI and NDVI and LST estimation. Multiple Linear Regression and Correlation statistical analysis was used to know the relationship between NDBI, NDVI and LST. The correlation results between NDBI and LST shows a positive relationship with a critical value for 2006, 2011 and 2016 as 0.838274, 0.99561 and 0.862733 respectively. Between LST and NDVI, it shows a Negative critical valu for 2006, 2011, 2016 to be -0.93395, -,-0.77712 and -0.72158 respectively. The coefficient determination (R2) obtained from NDBI, NDVI and LST is 0.99134267, 0.866741512 and 0.881626705 for 2006, 2011 and 2016 respectively. The (R2) values shows that as Impervious Surface Area increases, LST also increases. The study concluded that persistent warm Impervious Surface Area increases, LST also increases. The study concluded that persistent warm anomaly over the years is due to Impervious Surface Area (ISA) increase in area extent which influences surface energy exchange and other environmental processes which can be used to determine the strength of Urban Heat Island (UHI) and monitor the global climate.