Ameliorative Effect of Butanol Fraction of Lannea bateri Stem Bark Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Genotoxicity

Abstract

Cyclophosphamide (CPM) is an immunosuppressant and chemotherapeutic drug widely used for the treatment of various types of cancer. However, its therapeutic effect is often limited by its toxicity on healthy tissues. In this study, butanol extract of Lannea bateri stem bark was evaluated for its antioxidant and antigenotoxicity efficacy against CPM -induced renal oxidative stress and genotoxicity in wistar rats. The wistar rats were administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of CPM at 200mg/kg b wt and after 7 days, treatment commenced with butanol extract of Lannea bateri (BELB) stem bark orally at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (b wt) for 14 consecutive days. The modulatory effect of BELB on CPM -induced nephrotoxicity and genotoxicity were investigated by assaying oxidative stress biomarkers, serum kidney toxicity markers, DNA fragmentation and by histopathological examination of kidney tissue. A single intraperitoneal administration of CPM in rats induced DNA strand breaks, increased malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC), creatinine, urea, cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels with depletion in glutathione content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), albumin total protein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with the photomicrograph of the kidney showing severe congestion of glomeruli, distortion of capsular space and distal convoluted tubules. BELB oral administration at both doses significantly restored the antioxidant enzymes, lipid profile, reduced PC, and DNA fragmentation, with significant changes in the kidney architecture. The findings suggest a prominent role of BELB against CPM-induced renal injury, oxidative stress and genotoxicity