Energy Detection based Measurement and Analysis of Spectrum Occupancy for ADHOC Cognitive Network Resource for Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

Abstract

The rising demand for wireless communication systems has led to the exponential growth in the figure of wireless devices. As a result, there is a significant scarcity of available spectrum, which can limit the capacity and quality of wireless communication networks. Cognitive Radio (CR) technology is a good solution to this challenge as it enables the most effective use of spectrum resources by permitting wireless devices to dynamically use under-utilized spectrum. This research presents a measurement of real-time spectrum sensing and detection of white space of cognitive wireless technologies for microwave and wireless communication systems of the Federal University of Technology, Minna main campus. Different spectrum sensing techniques including Cyclostationary Feature Detection (CFD), Matched Filter Detection (MFD), and Energy Detection (ED), have been widely researched. In this research, ED model for enhanced spectrum sensing based cognitive radio technology that is capable of adapting to changing environmental conditions is adopted. Comprehensive field measurements were carried out in the study area using an 8.5 GHz BK precision 2658A Spectrum Analyzer (SA). Specifically, a Received Signal Strength (RSS) of 7.3dBm was obtained at 10m while at a distance of 1500m, 143.93dBm was recorded alongside other similar results. The results were validated by comparing the Standard Deviation (SD) parameter, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) based on the adopted ED model with a reference spectrum sensing technique. Thus, the adopted ED technique is a more realistic spectrum sensing technique for microwave and mobile communication systems in the study area and similar environments.