Antidiabetic potentials of green-synthesized alpha iron oxide nanoparticles using stem extract of Securidaca longipedunculata

Abstract

The study evaluated the antidiabetic potentials of green-synthesized iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles using stem extract of Securidaca longipedunculata. Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized via green route and characterized using different analytical tools. Diabetes was induced in albino Wister rats by a single dose intraperitoneal injection of 90 mg/kg bodyweight of alloxan monohydrate and treated for 21 days. Lipid profiles, biochemical parameters and histopathological study of the liver and kidney were also examined. The characterization results confirmed formation of spherical, hematite phase of iron oxide with crystallite size of 4.07 nm and maximum wavelength of 372.27 nm. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level of the diabetic rats from 409.50 ± 5.50 to 199.1550 ± 9.33 mg/dL in Fe2O3 nanoparticle group compared to the diabetic and extract control groups. Group treated with Fe2O3 nanoparticle shows an increase in bodyweight throughout the treatment period and is significantly different (p < 0.05) with the other groups. There is a significant difference (p < 0.05) in serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine phosphatase (ALP) of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles treated group with Glibenclamide and diabetic control group. The histopathology of the liver and kidney shows normal histoarchitecture with no features of acute or chronic damage in all groups. The green-synthesized Fe2O3 nanoparticles have the potential of treating hyperglycemia and could serve as drug lead in the treatment of diabetes.