Evaluation of Temporal Changes in Boreholes Quality in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State.

Abstract

With a view to ascertaining the quality of water in selected boreholes in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State, twenty water samples were randomly collected within major towns (Danfili, Kwarau, Saminaka and Rigachikun) of the Local Government from November to April (dry), and from May to October (rainy season) of year 2012. The samples were analyzed for physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters (Calcium, Fluoride, Magnesium, Nitrate, Sodium, Chloride, Bicarbonates) to observe any changes in the ground water quality of the area. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Correlation were performed on the data using SPSS 10.0 for significant variation and inter-element relationship. High mean turbidity were recorded in boreholes in Danfili (12.2NTU), Kwarau (6.2NTU). A mean turbidity of 4.3 NTU was recorded in Dry season for wells within Rigachikun having 5.1NTU. It was observed that a negative correlation exist between well depth and heavy metal concentration. There was also a linear relationship of 0.686 between well distance and nitrate (faccal contaminant). Mean value for flouride (0.22mg/L), sodium (20.78mg/L), calcium (15.7mg/L) iron (0.013mg/L), cadmium (0.00102mg/L) chloride (22.107mg/L) recorded for sampled wells were all within WHO standard. A high value of 24mg/L and 25mg/L for nitrate was recorded in Saminaka Road and Danfili an indication of contamination during the rainy season indicating surface-groundwater intrusion (influx). The results of bacteriological analysis indicated that most wells sampled have range of 1cfu/100ml to 7cfu/100ml with Danfili Mani having the highest values (7cfu/100ml) which make it unsaved for consumption.