BIOACTIVITY GUIDED FRACTIONATION OF Spondias mombin (ANACARDIACEAE) LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST Artmia salina

Abstract

Plants extracts are known for their various ethno-medicinal applications, especially in the cure and management of inflammation and cancer. In this study, the crude methanolic extract of leaves of the plant Spondias mombin exhibited activity against Artemia salina in a preliminary assay for anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. It was further observed that fractions of the extract obtained from vacuum liquid chromatography and adsorption column chromatography gave improved toxicity against this organism. The fraction from column chromatography with the highest activity (the CCG fraction) was further separated by adsorption column chromatography to give five fractions (P45, P46, P47, P48, and P49) and their toxicity and chemical composition were determined. Fractions P47, P48 and P49 exhibited the highest toxicity with LD50 and LD90 at 24 hr of 3.37±1.02, 3.33±0.62, 1.83±0.30 LD90µg/ml and 25.99±2, 55, 28.29±4.43 13.59±4.37 µg/ml respectively. Fractions P47 and P48 were very similar in their activities and were slightly less active than the G sub-fraction but the P49 was most active of them all with the LD50 and LD90 of 1.83±0.30 and 13.59±4.37 µg/ml respectively. The GC-MS of P49 than P47 and P48 revealed the presence of the following bio active substances: (z-(13, 14 -epoxy) tetradec-11-en-1-ol acetate, (2-methyl-7-oxo-1.7-dihydro pyrazolo(1,5- a) pyrimidine-5-carboxylate, dibutyl phthalate, 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis (2methyl propyl) ester, benzenedicarboxylic acid bis (2ethyl hexyl) ester and allylamine, 3-chloro-N-isopropyl-2-methyl-,(Z). The fractions contain bio active substances that maybe used in the management of cancer.