Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol Extract of Garcinia kola Against Selected Bacteria Isolate

Abstract

Plants have continued to be a good alternative in reducing the problem of cost and availability of drugs particularly to the developing world. Phytochemical and antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Garcinia kola against Gram positive Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 33400, Streptococcus pyogenes JCM 5674 and Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, and Klebsiella pneumoniae BYK-9 was evaluated. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, phlobatannins, steroids and terpenes while quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of phenol, flavonoid, tannin, saponin and alkaloid at a concentration of 524.011±18.85, 360.750±14.53, 224.625±1.94, 4.882±0.11 and 227.538±21.96 mg/100g respectively. Antibacterial activity of the extract at 20, 30 and 40 mg/mL revealed a spectrum of activity ranged between 10.33±0.67 to 21.33±0.33 mm in a concentration dependent manner which is significantly different (p<0.05) with 5 mg/mL of the standard antibiotics (Amoxicillin and Ampiclox). The MIC of the extract ranged between 0.625 to 5 mg/mL while the MBC ranged between 5 to 20 mg/mL on all the test bacteria isolates. Results of the study indicates that methanol extract of Garcinia kola contain useful phytochemicals that can be utilized in fighting infectious diseases.