Relative Effect of Two Types of Television on Junior Secondary School Students Achievement and Retention in Social studies

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of educational television and video tape-mediated instruction on secondary schools students' achievement and retention in social studies .The purpose was to determine whether educational television and videotape instruction could be recommended as effective for teaching and learning of social studies in secondary schools. and teachers which has posed problems for them. The study employed the quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design. Three groups were formed into treatment and control groups and they responded to pretest, post-test and retention test administered on them. The sample consisted of200 Junior Secondary SchooI (JSS( 2 students randomly selected from four schools in Chanchaga Local Government of Niger State. Fifty (50) students of intact class were assigned to each of the experimental and control groups. The research materials used for the study included educational television and video-mediated instructional packages. The research instrument used for the study was the Social Studies Achievement Test which was developed by the researcher and whose reliability was determined using the test-retest method. Using the Pearson product moment correlation analysis, a reliability coefficient of 0.82 was obtained and this was considered adequate for the study. The instrument was administered on the students as pre-test, post-test and retention test. Data analysis was done using Analysis of co-variance. Post-hoc analysis was done where necessary. The data generated were subjected to analysis to test acceptance or rejection of the ten stated null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that eight of the ten null hypotheses were rejected at P<0.05 level of significance. This shows that both educational television and videotape mediated instruction were more effective in learning of Social Studies and had great improvement on students' performance. Therefore it is recommended that teachers of Social Studies should make use of the tested packages to make the teaching of the subject more effective. Also, it was recommended that government should make instructional media materials readily available to schools for conducive learning atmosphere.